Targeting the human microbiome with antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics: gastroenterology enters the metagenomics era

Studies of metagenomics and the human microbiome will tremendously expand our knowledge of the composition of microbial communities in the human body. As our understanding of microbial variation and corresponding genetic parameters is refined, this information can be applied to rational remodeling or "tailoring" of human-associated microbial communities and their associated functions.