Pyrosequencing-based analysis of the microbiome associated with the horn fly, Haematobia irritans.

The horn fly, Haematobia irritans, is one of the economically important pests of cattle. Use of insecticide is a major element of horn fly management programs. Growing concerns of insecticide resistance, insecticide residues on farm products and non-availability of new generation insecticides in the near future are serious issues of the organized livestock farming industry.

Wolbachia heat shock protein 60 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines andapoptosis in monocytes in vitro

Recombinant Wolbachia heat shock protein 60 (rWmhsp60) induces gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in human monocytic cell line THP-1.