Compartmentalized Control of Skin Immunity by Resident Commensals

Intestinal commensal bacteria induce protective and regulatory responses that maintain host-microbial mutualism. The contribution of tissue resident commensals to immunity and inflammation at other barrier sites, however, has not been addressed. Here, we report an autonomous role for the skin microbiota in controlling the local inflammatory milieu and tuning resident T lymphocyte function. Protective immunity to a cutaneous pathogen was critically dependent on the skin but not gut microbiota. Furthermore, skin commensals tuned the function of local T cells in a manner dependent on signaling downstream of the interleukin-1 receptor. These findings underscore the importance of the microbiota as a distinctive feature of tissue compartmentalization and provide insight into mechanisms of immune regulation by resident commensal niches in health and disease.


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